About the Leonardo Centre

The Leonardo Centre on Business for Society is a cross-disciplinary research centre based in Imperial College Business School. We partner with committed businesses, policy makers, researchers, and civil society to innovate and experiment with inclusive and sustainable logics of business.

With expertise in organisational and systems transformation, we conduct large-scale experimental research to generate new ways of working together for a just, regenerative, and flourishing society. Our research is informed by a unique global dataset on corporate sustainability, while machine learning, scientific rigour, co-creation, and experimentation underpin our collaborative research programmes.

We believe that environmental destruction and social and economic injustice are not inevitable consequences of economic growth.

Leonardo Diagram
Cross–disciplinary collaboration
Coordination of GOLDEN (Global Learning and Developing Network)
15
Research centres at Imperial College London
160
Scholars in 60 universities across all relevant disciplines

Key features of dataset

sustainability initiatives identified
publicly traded firms out of about 15,000 public companies searched
sustainability reports analysed
The companies in the dataset account for:
80%
about 80% of global market capitalisation
84%
of direct and first-tier indirect emissions by public corporations (Trucost data)

The GOLDEN dataset

This set of dashboard leverages a dataset created by the GOLDEN for Impact Foundation in collaboration with the Leonardo Centre on Business for Society at Imperial College Business School. The dataset includes initiatives extracted from sustainability reports, which are crawled from the internet or assembled from dedicated sources and organisations to cover all the available reports written in English. A set of machine learning algorithms read the reports to identify the text describing each sustainability initiative and categorises each initiative according to the relevant SDG and the specific type of behaviour. Initiatives are defined as actions (not intentions), performed by a company in addressing a given SDG. The complete list of initiatives with definitions is available in the Glossary.

At the time of publication, the (ongoing) crawler has searched for sustainability reports published by approximately 15,000 publicly listed companies across all sectors and geographies and will continue until it covers the largest 50,000 public companies. A similar process is ongoing to identify all available reports and initiatives from privately held companies. The precision in the identification of initiatives is about 98%, assessed through several manual controls in random samples. The accuracy in categorising SDGs and types of action is above 90% on average.

To the best of our knowledge, this dataset represents the only global coverage of corporate sustainability initiatives available today. Moreover, the fact that such initiatives are categorised by their objective (SDG) and their behavioural components adds to its distinctiveness.

By collecting information at the granular level of individual actions, we identify data that can be leveraged not only to assess companies’ sustainability strategies, but also to analyse the evolution of corporate behaviour in specific sectors and geographies, aimed at contributing to the achievement of SDGs, thereby helping to inform policy development and investor strategies.
Like any dataset, this also has limitations to be considered; the most salient is the absence of assessment of some important characteristics of the initiative, beyond its objectives, its behavioural content and the type of stakeholders that will benefit from it. Information related to the initiative’s scope, its cost, and its impact are unfortunately rarely disclosed in sustainability reports and will require different data collection methodologies to assess them. The major advantage of the methodology adopted, in addition to its global coverage, is the absence of subjectivity in the identification and categorisation of the sustainability initiatives, a well-known limitation in existing ESG metrics.

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